Dong dong dong, Fernando in the study heard a gentle knock on the door.
"So early?" Fernando stared at Lucian with slightly cloudy red eyes, and suddenly felt a subconscious vigilance and vigilance against his abnormality.
Lucian lowered his head and smiled: "After writing the paper, the sun just rose, so I came over directly."
"What paper?" Fernando has a dangerous premonition, this is not from the main star of fate, but from the "crystallization of wisdom" that has condensed in the same situation over and over again, "Is it subversive?"
Lucian thought for a moment and nodded affirmatively: "Yes, but it is only based on the observation of a large number of experimental results, and there is no strict proof, and it cannot be ruled out that it will be overturned or covered by other theories that include these observations in the future."
"Bring it here." Fernando breathed a sigh of relief, so that no matter how subversive the theory was, he couldn't make his head explode until there was no conclusive argument.
Lucian took out a paper and handed it over, and Fernando looked at the topic, and his expression immediately became bad.
"Probabilistic Interpretation of Wave Functions". He read the title of the paper word by word, vaguely guessing the contents of it, and during this time, a large number of electron scattering, diffraction and other experiments he had done seemed to indicate something, and the reality that Oliver's interpretation of the wave function could not match the results of some experiments seemed to indicate something.
Opening the paper, Fernando read without saying a word, and the atmosphere around him became more and more depressing, as if a substantial storm was coming.
Suddenly, before he finished reading the paper, he raised his head, countless flashes of lightning flashed in his red eyes, and said extremely dangerously: "You mean that the wave function is not a wave in the normal sense, but a probability wave?"
Lucian met the teacher's dangerous gaze without fear: "Yes, through the observation of a large number of experimental results, by introducing the content of Chloe statistics in the field of molecular motion, we can describe the wave function in this way, which represents the probability of electrons appearing at a certain position in space."
Fernando seemed to be suppressing great anger: "Then it has a definite position on the receiving sensor screen, and the probability is 100%!"
There is no doubt that every arcanist has seen the fluorescence dots emitted by electrons on the sensor screen, which is a conclusive experimental phenomenon that indicates that the position of electrons is certain and certain.
Lucian could understand the teacher's mood and said very seriously: "For example, without knowing the additional conditions, we toss a coin, and during the whole process, we can only say that it is possible to face up, but when it falls to the ground, the result has been determined and will not change again, the probability is naturally 100%.
After saying this, Fernando was easier to understand, his mood eased slightly, and he grasped the key point: "Before observation? After observation? Before we observe, according to your interpretation, electrons may appear anywhere in space, but the probability of appearing in some places is greater?"
He couldn't imagine the existence of electrons at all!
For coins, Fernando can accept them without hindrance, it is constantly changing from the front and back sides, which makes it possible to land differently, but what about electrons, because the wave function describes the probability of spatial position, so there is a possibility of it appearing anywhere.
This is more ridiculous and absurd than any magic, unbelievable!
At least so far, except for the unknown god-like level, no magician has been able to create such magic and make himself exist in a similar state!
Lucian made an analogy: "Before observation, electrons are like an illusory cloud without a substance, it permeates space, is everywhere, is all possible superpositions, and the thicker place is the position where it has a higher probability of appearing, but it does not mean that after observation, it will definitely appear here."
"Before observation, electrons are things we cannot imagine, contradictory and unifying monsters with wave-particle duality, so we cannot imagine its state with the original concept, which is meaningless, we can only describe it from the experimental results that we can rigorously verify."
Fernando closed his lips tightly, as if as long as he opened his mouth, he would roar.
Lucian further said: "Actually, teacher, you should have observed through the magic experiment that when we improve the magic circle and reduce the number of electrons emitted at once, you can see that the first thing that appears is not the diffraction image, but the chaotic electron-sensing light points.
"This is because it is impossible to know exactly where a single electron appears after diffraction, it is a probability, we can only describe that it is more likely to appear here, so a small number of electrons will show a chaotic state, but after the number is large enough, the whole will conform to the probability distribution.
"Just like when flipping a coin seven or eight times, we can't accurately guess how many times the coin is head-up, but when the number of coin tosses reaches hundreds, thousands, or tens of thousands, the number of heads up should be about half!"
"If we can improve the magic circle to emit only one electron at a time, then things will be clearer."
"Probability, probability!" Fernando's expression was a little distorted, as if he was going to eat up the probability.
He didn't need Lucian to explain to himself the common sense of probability, which was one of the areas he knew and was best at as an authority on thermodynamics, and at this time, the electron diffraction experiments he had done during this period of time came to his mind.
Such a clear picture made his hands tremble slightly, and the wind around him blew up, blowing the paper in the study loudly: "Before observation, electrons are probability clouds permeating space? After observation, is it a substance with a definite position? What happened in the middle?"
Lucian turned a blind eye to the gale, calm like a god of death pronouncing the verdict: "The wave function collapsed, from the diffuse probability cloud to a small dot of a certain position, observing caused the wave function to collapse, and before observing, what form the electron was has nothing to do with us, it has no meaning!"
"Observation causes the wavefunction to collapse?" Snapped, a bolt of lightning illuminated the study, destroying a statue, Fernando stood up abruptly, looking at Lucian menacingly, "Our observation has caused electrons to change their form?"
Lucian nodded and said, "Teacher, what is the method of our observation based on? Seeing things is because of reflected light, hearing sound is because of the ripples of air oscillating, and in the microscopic realm, even the slightest means of observation, such as photons, will disturb electrons, that is, our observation of microscopic particles will inevitably lead to its changes."
"Interaction of microscopic particles?" As for the previous "probability cloud", which is incomprehensible and unimaginable, he decided to leave it alone for the time being, pointing directly to the core of Lucian's probability interpretation, "In the activity of flipping a coin, we can strictly predict the outcome of each time by knowing various external conditions, so it is not a real probability, it is a pseudo-probability, there is a cause and effect, all initial states strictly and uniquely determine the final result, which is the basis of the star system, It is also the foundation of the entire arcane and magic!"
"The probability of electronic representation is also pseudo-probability, influenced by external conditions that we have not yet discovered?"
His voice trembled faintly, and there were more and more signs in the study that the storm was about to begin.
Lucian shook his head firmly: "At least at present, there is no phenomenon that indicates the influence of external conditions, we can only say for the time being that probability waves are the essential properties of electrons, the properties of internal conditions!"
"Say it again!" Fernando finally roared, and lightning and thunder appeared, creating a scene like an apocalypse in the study.
The reason why arcane and magic are fascinating and explore the reality of the world The reason why generations of magicians and arcanists have given their youth, talents and lives is because they believe that the world has essential laws, and everything operates strictly under this law, such as the sun rising and setting in the east and west, such as the movement of celestial bodies, such as wind and rain, such as the growth of organisms, such as elemental reactions, such as the mysteries of matter, such as atomic structures, and as long as you understand the laws of essence, you can effectively master them!
But now, Lucian's interpretation of probability seems to mock this exploration, because the essential law of the world is actually "probability"? Even if we understand the laws of the world and reach the limit of life, we can only predict the maximum possibility of an electron appearing here, and cannot accurately describe where it will appear.
This negates the basis of astrological prophecies! It also negates the foundation of arcane and magic that explores the laws of the world!
Lucian pointed to the paper and looked at the roaring teacher solemnly, because of the crackling of lightning, he had naturally stimulated the elemental skin on his body: "There is a relevant exposition in the paper."
Fernando lowered his head and saw one of the paragraphs in the paper:
"In the past, we all believed that as long as we knew all the current factors, we could strictly deduce or determine the outcome of things, and that there would be any reason for it, and that such a process would be reversible, that is, what kind of result there would be, and the arcanists would call this determinism, the law of cause and effect."
"I like a stricter definition, the real law of cause and effect is the law of cause and effect on the timeline, and the cause must precede the result, so the previous broad law of cause and effect is best called determinism."
"And now, what I want to explain is that there may be a problem with determinism here, and some processes are probabilistic and irreversible......"
"Is there a problem with determinism? Is there a problem with the law of cause and effect?" Fernando looked at Lucian with stormy eyes, and roared amidst the thunder, "Tell me, is the trajectory of the sun's motion probability?"
Boom!
"Tell me, is our own existence a probability?"
Boom!
"Tell me, even if we have built a magic spell model in our souls and fully grasped every detail of it, and our spiritual power is in a state of abundance, the process of casting magic is also a process of fighting probability?"
"Ridiculous! Ridiculous!"
Boom!
In the midst of thunder and lightning, Lucian had a vast universe behind him, and the planets inside were composed of protons and neutrons of different colors, and the satellites surrounding them were permeated in space, everywhere.
Boom!
The thunder hell and the atomic universe were mixed, Lucian's eyes met his teacher Fernando without flinching at all, and said solemnly:
"At least in the microscopic realm, determinism must die!"
Snap, a thick lightning bolt swept through the study window and spread to the sky outside.
The normal update has been restored, please recommend the vote~
(End of this chapter)